Safety Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines: General Industry

U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSHA Publication 2254 (Revised 1995 )

Additional updates made by Mastery Technologies to include training requirements from 1998 OSHA Regulations for Powered Industrial Trucks, and Respirators and 2000 OSHA Regulation for Ergonomics Program Standard.

INTRODUCTION

Many standards promulgated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) explicitly require to train employees in the safety and health aspects of their job. Other OSHA standards make it the employer's responsibility to limit certain job assignments to employees who are "certified," "competent," or "qualified" - meaning that they have had special previous training, in or out of the workplace. The term "designated" personnel means selected or assigned by the employer or the employer's representative as being qualified to perform specific duties. These requirements reflect OSHA's belief that training is an essential part of every employer's safety and health program for protecting workers from injuries and illnesses. Many researchers conclude that those who are new on the job have a higher rate of accidents and injuries than more experienced workers. If ignorance of specific job hazards and of proper work practices is even partly to blame for this higher injury rate, then training will help to provide a solution.

As an example of the trend in OSHA safety and health training requirements, the "Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals Standard (Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations Part 1910.119)" contains several training requirements. This standard was promulgated under the requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. The Process Safety Management Standard requires the employer to evaluate or verify that employees comprehend the training given to them. This means that the training to be given must have established goals and objectives regarding what is to be accomplished. Subsequent to the training, an evaluation would be conducted to verify that the employees understood the subjects presented or acquired the desired skills. If the established goals and objectives of the training program were not achieved as expected, the employer then would revise the training program to make it more effective, or conduct more frequent refresher training or some combination of these. The requirements of the Process Safety Management Standard follow the concepts embodied in the OSHA training guidelines contained in this publication.

The length and complexity of OSHA standards may make it difficult to find all the references to training. So, to help employers, safety and health professionals, training directors, and others with a need to know, OSHA's training- related requirements have been excerpted and collected in this publication. Requirements for posting information, warning signs, labels, and the like are excluded, as are most references to the qualifications of people assigned to test workplace conditions or equipment.

It is usually a good idea for the employer to keep a record of all safety and health training. Records can provide evidence of the employer's good faith and compliance with OSHA standards. Documentation can also supply an answer to one of the first questions an accident investigator will ask: "Was the injured employee trained to do the job?"

Training in the proper performance of a job is time and money well spent, and the employer might regard it as an investment rather than an expense. An effective program of safety and health training for workers can result in fewer injuries and illnesses, better morale, and lower insurance premiums, among other benefits.

Readers with questions concerning worker safety and health training should contact their OSHA Regional Area Office.

INDEX OF TRAINING REQUIREMENTS: GENERAL INDUSTRY 29 CFR Part 1910

Subpart E: Means of Egress: Personal Protective Equipment; Employee Emergency Plans and Fire Plans
Subpart F: Powered Platforms, Manlifts, and Vehicle-Mounted Work Platforms: Operations-Training; Care and use Appendix C, Section 1
Subpart G: Occupational Health and Environmental Control: Personal Protection; Inspection, Maintenance, and Installation; Hearing Protection; Training Program; Ionizing Radiation; Testing
Subpart H: OSHA Publication 2254 General Industry Training Requirements: Flammable and Combustible Liquids; Explosives and Blasting Agents; Bulk Delivery and Mixing Vehicles; Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases; Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals; Contract Employer Responsibilities; Mechanical Integrity; Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response; New Technology Programs
Subpart I: Personal Protective Equipment: Respiratory Protection
Subpart J: General Environmental Controls: Temporary Labor Camps; Specifications for Accident Prevention Signs and Tags; Permit Required Confined Spaces; Medical Services and First Aid; The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout); Lockout or Tagout Devices Removed; Outside Personnel
Subpart K: Medical and First Aid: Medical Services and First Aid
Subpart L: Fire Protection: Fire Protection; Fire Brigades; Training and Education; Portable Fire Extinguishers; Fixed Extinguishing Systems; Fire Detection Systems
Subpart N : Materials Handling and Storage: Employee Alarm Systems; Servicing of Multi-Piece and Single-Piece Rim Wheels; Powered Industrial Trucks; Overhead Cranes Moving the Load; Crawler Locomotive and Truck Cranes
Subpart O: Machinery and Machine Guarding: Mechanical Power Presses; Mechanical Powers Presses Instruction to Operators; Training of Maintenance Personnel; Operator Training; Forging Machines
Subpart Q: Welding, Cutting, and Brazing: General Requirements; Oxygen-Fuel Gas Welding and Cutting; Arc Welding and Cutting; Resistance Welding
Subpart R: Special Industries: Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills; Laundry Machinery and Operating Rules; Sawmills; Pulpwood Logging; Logging; Telecommunications; Derrick Trucks; Cable Fault Locating; Guarding Manholes; Joint Power and Telecommunication Manholes; Tree Trimming-Electrical Hazards; Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution; Grain Handling Facilities; Entry Into Bins, Silos, and Tanks; Contractors
Subpart S: Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices: Content of Training
Subpart T: Commercial Diving Operations: Qualifications of Dive Team
Subpart W: Ergonomics: Ergonomics Program Standard
Subpart Z: Toxic and Hazardous Substances: Asbestos; 4-Nitrobiphenyl; Alpha-Naphthylamine; Methyl Chloromethyl Ether; 3, 3'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its Salts); Bis-Chloromethyl Ether; Beta-Napthulamine; Benzidine; 4-Aminodiphenyl; Ethyleneimine; Beta-Propiolactone; 2-Acetylaminofluorene; 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene; N-Nitrosodimethylamine; Vinyl Cholride; Inorganic Arsenic; Lead; Cadmium; Benzene; Coke Oven Emissions; Bloodborne Pathogens; Cotton Dust; 1, 2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane; Acrylonitrile (Vinyl Cyanide); Ethylene Oxide; Formaldehyde; 4, 4' Methylenedianiline; Hazard Communication; Occupational Exposure to Hazardous; Chemicals in Laboratories

GENERAL INDUSTRY
29 CFR Part 1910

The following training requirements have been excerpted from Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations Part 1910. Note that additional training requirements may appear in certain standards (ANSI, NFPA, etc.) adopted by reference in Part 1910 and therefore mandatory.

Subpart E : Means of Egress

Personal Protective Equipment 1910.32 (f)(1) (i) through (v), (2), (3)(i) through (iii), and (4)

(f) Training. (1) The employer shall provide training to each employee who is required by this section to use PPE. Each such employee shall be trained to know at least the following:

(i) When PPE is necessary;

(ii) What PPE is necessary;

(iii) How to properly don, doff, adjust and wear PPE;

(iv) The limitations of the PPE; and,

(v) The proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of the PPE.

(2) Each affected employee shall demonstrate an understanding of the training specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section and the ability to use PPE properly before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE.

(3) When the employer has reason to believe that any affected employee who has already been trained does not have the understanding and skill required by paragraph (f)(2) of this section, the employer shall retrain each such employee. Circumstances where retraining is required include, but are not limited to, situations where:

(i) Changes in the workplace render previous training obsolete, or

(ii) Changes in the types of PPE to be used render previous training obsolete; or

(iii) Inadequacies in an affected employee's knowledge or use of assigned PPE indicate that the employee has not retained the requisite understanding or skill.

(4) The employer shall verify that each affected employee has received and understood the required training through a written certification that contains the name of each employee trained, the date(s) of training, and that identifies the subject of the certification.

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Employee Emergency Plans and Fire Prevention Plans 1910.38(a)(5)(i), (ii) (a) through (c), and (iii)

(i) Before implementing the emergency action plan, the employer shall designate and train a sufficient number of persons to assist in the safety and orderly emergency evacuation of employees.

(ii) The employer shall review the plan with each employee covered by the plan at the following times:

(a) Initially when the plan is developed.

(b) Whenever the employee's responsibilities or designated actions under the plan change, and

(iii) The employer shall review with each employee upon initial assignment those parts of the plan which the employee must know to protect the employee in the event of an emergency. The written plan shall be kept at the workplace and made available for employee review. For those employers with 10 or fewer employees the plan may be communicated orally to employees and the employer need not maintain a written plan.

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1910.38(b)(4)(i) and (ii)

(i) The employer shall apprise employees of the fire hazards of materials and processes to which they are exposed.

(ii) The employer shall review with each employee upon initial assignment those parts of the fire prevention plan which the employee must know to protect the employee in the event of an emergency. The written plan shall be kept in the workplace and made available for employee review. For those employers with 10 or fewer employees, the plan may be communicated orally to employees and the employer need not maintain a written plan.

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Training Requirements Index

Subpart F : Powered Platforms, Manlifts, and Vehicle-Mounted Work Platforms

Operations-Training 1910.66(i), (ii) and (ii)(A) through (E), and (iii) through (v)

(i) Working platforms shall be operated only by persons who are proficient in the operation, safe use and inspection of the particular working platform to be operated.

(ii) All employees who operate working platforms shall be trained in the following:

(A) Recognition of, and preventive measures for, the safety hazards associated with their individual work tasks.

(B) General recognition and prevention of safety hazards associated with the use of working platforms, including the provisions in the section relating to the particular working platform to be operated.

(D) Work procedures required in paragraph (i)(1)(IV) of this section.

(E) Personal fall arrest system inspection, care, use and system performance.

(iii) Training of employees in the operation and inspection of working platforms shall be done by a competent person.

(iv) Written work procedures for the operation, safe use and inspection of working platforms shall be provided for employee training. Pictorial methods of instruction, may be used in lieu of written work procedures, if employee communication is improved using this method. The operating manuals supplied by manufacturers for platform systems components can serve as the basis for these procedures.

(v) The employer shall certify that employees have been trained in operating and inspecting a working platform by preparing a certification record which includes the identity of the person trained, the signature of the person trained, the signature of the employer or the person who conducted the training and the date the training was completed. The certification record shall be prepared at the completion of the training required in paragraph (i)(1)(ii) of this section, and shall be maintained in a file for the duration of the employee's employment. The certification record shall be kept readily available for review by the Assistant Secretary of Labor or the Assistant Secretary's representative.

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Care and Use Appendix C, Section 1 1910.66(e)(v)(9)

(9) Before using a personal fall arrest system, and after any component or system is changed, employees shall be trained in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 1910.66(i)(1), in the safe use of the system.

Training Requirements Index

Subpart G: Occupational Health and Environmental Control

Personal Protection 1910.94(d)(9)(i)

(9) Personal protection. (i) All employees working in and around open-surface tank operations must be instructed as to the hazards of their respective jobs, and in the personal protection and first aid procedures applicable to these hazards.

1910.94(d)(9)(vi)

(vi) Respirators shall be used in accordance with 1910.134, and persons who may require them shall be trained in their use.

Inspection, Maintenance, and Installation 1910.94(d)(11)(v)

(v) If, in emergencies, such as rescue work, it is necessary to enter a tank which may contain a hazardous atmosphere, suitable respirators, such as self-contained breathing apparatus; hose mask blower, if there is a possibility of oxygen deficiency; or a gas mask, selected and operated in accordance with paragraph (d)(9)(vi) of this section, shall be used. If a contaminant in the tank can cause dermatitis, or be absorbed through the skin, the employee entering the tank shall also wear protective clothing. At least on trained standby employee, with suitable respirator, shall be present in the nearest uncontaminated area. The standby employee must be able to communicate with the employee in the tank and be able to haul him out of the tank with a lifeline if necessary.

Hearing Protection 1910.95(i)(4)

(4) The employer shall provide training in the use and care of all hearing protectors provided to employees.

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Training Program 1910.95(k)(1) through (3)(i) through (iii)

(1) The employer shall institute a training program for all employees who are exposed to noise at or above an 8-hour time-weighed average of 85 decibels, and shall ensure employee participation in such program.

(2) The training program shall be repeated annually for each employee included in the hearing conservation program. Information provided in the training program shall be updated to be consistent with changes in protective equipment and work processes.

(3) The employer shall ensure that each employee is informed of the following:

(i) The effects of noise on hearing;

(ii) The purpose of hearing protectors, the advantages, disadvantages, and attenuation of various types, and instructions on selection, fitting, use, and care; and

(iii) The purpose of audiometric testing, and an explanation of the test procedures.

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Ionizing Radiation 1910.96(i)(2)

(2) All individuals working in or frequently any portion of a radiation area shall be informed of the occurrence of radioactive materials or of radiation in such portions of the radiation area; shall be instructed in the safety problems associated with exposure to such materials or radiation and in precautions or devices to minimize exposure; shall be instructed in the applicable provisions of this section for the protection of employees from exposure to radiation or radioactive materials; and shall be advised of reports of radiation exposure which employees must request pursuant to the regulations in this section.

Testing 1910.96(f)(3)(viii)

(viii) Before placing the system into operation, all employees normally working in the are shall be made acquainted with the signal by actual demonstration at their work locations.

Training Requirements Index

Subpart H: Hazardous Materials

Flammable and Combustible Liquids 1910.106(b)(5)(vi)(v)(2) and (3)

(2) That detailed printed instructions of what to do in flood emergencies are properly posted.

(3) That station operators and other employees depended upon to carry out such instructions are thoroughly informed as to the location and operation of such valves and other equipment necessary to effect these requirements.

Explosives and Blasting Agents 1910.109(d)(3)(i) and (iii)

(i) Vehicles transporting explosives shall only be driven by and be in charge of a driver who is familiar with the traffic regulations, State laws, and the provisions of this section.

(iii) Every motor vehicle transporting any quantity of Class A or Class B explosives shall, at all times, be attended by a driver or other attendant of the motor carrier. This attendant shall have been made aware of the class of the explosive material in the vehicle and of its inherent dangers, and shall have been instructed in the measures and procedures to be followed in order to protect the public from those dangers. he shall have been made familiar with the vehicle he is assigned, and shall be trained, supplied with the necessary means, and authorized to move the vehicle when required.

1910.109(g)(3)(iii)(a)

(iii)(a) The operator shall be trained in the safe operation of the vehicle together with its mixing, conveying, and related equipment, The employer shall assure that the operator is familiar with the commodities being delivered and the general procedure for handling emergency situations.

1910.109(g)(6)(ii)

(iii) Vehicles transporting blasting agents shall only be driven by and be in charge of a driver in possession of a valid motor vehicle operator's license. Such a person shall also be familiar with the States vehicle and traffic laws.

Bulk Delivery and Mixing Vehicles 1910.109(h)(3)(d)(iii)

(iii) The operator shall be trained in the safe operation of the vehicle together with its mixing, conveying, and related equipment. He shall be familiar with the commodities being delivered and the general procedure for handling emergency situations.

Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases 1910.110(b)(16) 1910.110(d)(12)(i)

(16) Instructions. Personnel performing installation, removal, operation, and maintenance work shall be properly trained in such function.

(i) When standard watch service is provided, it shall be extended to the LP-Gas installation and personnel properly trained.

1910.111(b)(13)(ii)

(ii) The employer shall insure that unloading operations are performed by reliable persons properly instructed and given the authority to monitor careful compliance with all applicable procedures.

Process Safety Management Highly Hazardous Chemicals 1910.119(g)(1)(i) and (ii)

(i) Each employee presently involved in operating a process, and each employee before being involved in operating a newly assigned process, shall be trained in an overview of the process and in the operating procedures as specified in paragraph (f) of this section. The training shall include emphasis on the specific safety and health hazards, emergency operations including shutdown, and safe work practices applicable to the employee's job tasks.

(ii) In lieu of initial training for those employees already involved in operating a process on May 26, 1992, an employer may certify in writing that the employee has the required knowledge, skills, and abilities to safely carry out the duties and responsibilities as specified in the operating procedures.

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1910.119(g)(2)

(2) Refresher training. Refresher training shall be provided at least every three years, and more often if necessary, to each employee involved in operating a process to assure that employee understands and adheres to the current operating procedures of the process. The employer, in consultation with the employees involved in operating the process, shall determine the appropriate frequency of refresher training.

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1910.119(g)(3)

(3) Training Documentation. The employer shall ascertain that each employee involved in operating a process has received and understood the training required by this paragraph. The employer shall prepare a record which contains the identity of the employee, the date of training, and the means used to verify that the employee understood the training.

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Contract Employer Responsibilities 1910.119(h)(3)(i) through (iv)

(i) The contract employer shall assure that each contract employee us trained in the work practices necessary to safely perform his/her job.

(ii) The contract employer shall assure that each contract employee is instructed in the known potential fire, explosion, or toxic release hazards related to his/her job and the process, and the applicable provisions of the emergency action plan.

(iii) The contract employer shall document that each contract employee has received and understood that training required by this paragraph. The contact employer shall prepare a record which contains the identity of the contract employee, the date of training, and the means used to verify that the employee understood the training.

(iv) The contract employer shall assure that each contract employee follows the safety rules of the facility including the safe work practices required by paragraph (f)(4) of this section.

Mechanical Integrity 1910.119(j)(3)

(3) Training for process maintenance activities. The employer shall train each employee involved in maintaining the on-going integrity of process equipments in an overview of that process and its hazards and in the procedures applicable to the employee's job tasks to assure that the employee can perform the job tasks in a safe manner.

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response 1910.12(e)(1)(i) and (ii); (2)(i) through (vii); (3)(i) through (iv)(4) through (9)

(e) Training (1) General. (i) All employees working on site (such as but not limited to equipment operators, general laborers and others) exposed to hazardous substances, health hazards, or safety hazards and their supervisors and management responsible for the site shall receive training meeting the requirements of this paragraph before they are permitted to engage in hazardous waste operations that could expose them to hazardous substances, safety, or health hazards, and they shall receive review training as specified in this paragraph. (ii) Employees shall not be permitted to participate in or supervise field activities until they have been trained to a level required by their job function and responsibility.

(2) Elements to be covered. The training shall thoroughly cover the following:

(i) Names of personnel and alternates responsible for site safety and health;

(ii) Safety, health, and other hazards present on the site;

(iii) Use of personal protective equipment;

(iv) Work practices by which the employee can minimize risks from hazards;

(v) Safe use of engineering controls and equipment on the site;

(vi) Medical surveillance requirements, including recognition of symptoms and signs which might indicate overexposure to hazards; and

(vii) The contents of paragraphs (G) through (J) of the site safety and health plan set forth in paragraph (b) (4) (ii) of this section.

(3) Initial training. (i) General site workers (such as equipment operators, general laborers and supervisory personnel) engaged in hazardous substance removal or other activities which expose workers to hazardous substances and health hazards shall receive a minimum of 40 hours of instruction off the site, and a minimum of three days actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained experienced supervisor.

(ii) Workers on site only occasionally for a specific limited task (such as, but not limited to, ground work monitoring, land surveying, or geo-physical surveying) and who are unlikely to be exposed over permissible exposure limits and published exposure limits shall receive a minimum of 24 hours of instruction off the site, and the minimum of one day actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.

(iii) Workers regularly on site who work in areas which have been monitored and fully characterized indicating that exposures are under permissible exposure limits and published exposure limits where respirators are not necessary, and the characterization indicates that there are no health hazards or the possibility of an emergency developing, shall receive a minimum of 24 hours of instruction off the site and the minimum of one day actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.

(iv) Workers with 24 hours of training who are covered by paragraphs (e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii) of this section, and who become general site workers or who are required to wear respirators, shall have the additional 16 hours and 2 days of training necessary to total the training specified in paragraph (e)(3)(i).

(4) Management and supervisor training. On-site management and supervisors directly responsible for, or who supervise employees engaged in, hazardous waste operations shall receive 40 hours initial training, and 3 days of supervised field experience (the training may be reduced to 24 hours and 1 day if the only area of their responsibility is employees covered by paragraphs (e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii) and at least eight additional hours of specialized training at the time of job assignment on such topics as, but not limited to, the employer's safety and health program and the associated employee training program, personal protective equipment program, spill containment program, and health hazard monitoring procedure and techniques.

(5) Qualifications for trainers. Trainers shall be qualified to instruct employees about the subject matter that is being presented in training. Such trainers shall have satisfactorily completed a training program for teaching the subjects they are expected to teach, or they shall have the academic credentials and instructional experience necessary for teaching the subjects. Instructors shall demonstrate competent instructional skills and knowledge of the applicable subject matter.

(6) Training certification. Employees and supervisors that have received and successfully completed the training and field experience specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(4) of this section shall be certified by their instructor or the head instructor and trained supervisor as having successfully completed the necessary training. A written certificate shall be given to each person so certified. Any person who has not been so certified or who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (e)(9) of this section shall be prohibited from engaging in hazardous waste operations.

(7) Emergency response. Employees who are engaged in responding to hazardous emergency situations at hazardous waste clean-up sites that may expose them to hazardous substances shall be trained in how to respond to such expected emergencies.

(8) Refresher training. Employees specified in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, and managers and supervisors specified in paragraph (e)(4) of this section, shall receive eight hours of refresher training annually on the items specified in paragraph (e)(2) and/or (e)(4) of this section, any critique of incidents that have occurred in the past year that can serve as training examples of related work, and other relevant topics.

(9) Equivalent training. Employers who can show by documentation or certification that an employee's work experience and/or training has resulted in training equivalent to that training required in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(4) of this section shall not be required to provide the initial training requirements of those paragraphs to such employees. However, certified employees or employees with equivalent training new to a site shall receive appropriate, site specific training before site entry and have appropriate supervised field experience at the new site. Equivalent training includes any academic training or the training that exists employees might have already received from actual hazardous waste site work experience.

However, certified employees or employees with equivalent training new to a site shall receive appropriate, site specific training before site entry and have appropriate supervised field experience at the new site. Equivalent training includes any academic training or the training that existing employees might have already received from actual hazardous waste site work experience.

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New Technology Programs 1910.120(o)(i)

(i) The employer shall develop and implement procedures for the introduction of effective new technologies and equipment developed for the improved protection of employees working with hazardous waste clean-up operations, and the same shall be implemented as part of the site safety and health program to assure that employee protection is being maintained.

1910.120(p)(7)(i) through (iii)

(i) New employees. The employer shall develop and implement a training program, which is part of the employer's safety and health program, for employees exposed to health hazards or hazardous substances at TSD operations to enable the employees to perform their assigned duties and functions in a safe and healthful manner so as not to endanger themselves or other employees. The initial training shall be for 24 hours and refresher training shall be for 8 hours annually. Employees who have received the initial training required by this paragraph shall be given a written certificate attesting that they have successfully completed the necessary training.

(ii) Current employees. Employers who can show by an employee's previous work experience and/or training that the employee has had training equivalent to the initial training required by this paragraph, shall be considered as meeting the initial training requirements of this paragraph as to that employee. Equivalent training includes the training that existing employees might have already received from actual site work experience. Current employees shall receive 8 hours of refresher training annually.

(iii) Trainers. Trainers who teach initial training shall have satisfactorily completed a training course for teaching the subjects they are expected to teach or they shall have the academic credentials and instruction experience necessary to demonstrate a good command of the subject matter of the courses and competent instructional skills.

1910.120(p)(8)(iii)(A)

(iii) Training. (A) Training for emergency response employees shall be completed before they are called upon to perform in real emergencies. Such training shall include the elements of the emergency response plan, standard operating procedures the employer has established for the job, the personal protective equipment to be worn and procedures for handling emergency incidents.

1910.120(q)(4)

(4) Skilled support personnel. Personnel, not necessarily an employer's own employees, who are skilled in the operation of certain equipment, such as mechanized earth moving or digging equipment or crane and hoisting equipment, and who are needed temporarily to perform immediate emergency support work that cannot reasonably be performed in a timely fashion by an employer's own employees, and who will be or may be exposed to the hazards at an emergency response scene, are not required to meet the training required in this paragraph for the employer's regular employees. However, these personnel shall be given an initial briefing at the site prior to their participation in any emergency response. The initial briefing shall include instruction in the wearing of appropriate personal protective equipment, what chemical hazards are involved, and what duties are to be performed. All other appropriate safety and health precautions provided to the employer's own employees shall be used to assure the safety and health of these personnel.

1910.120(q)(5)

(5) Specialist employees. Employees who, in the course of their regular job duties, work with and are trained in the hazards of specific hazardous substances, and who will be called upon to provide technical advice or assistance at a hazardous substance release incident to the individual in charge, shall receive training or demonstrate competency in the area of their specialization annually.

1910.120(q)(6) (i)(A) through (F); (ii) (A) through (F); (iii)(A) through I; (iv)(A) through (I); (v)(A) through (F)

(i) First responder awareness level. First responders at the awareness level are individuals who are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance release and who have been trained to initiate an emergency response sequence by notifying the proper authorities of the release. They would take no further action beyond notifying the authorities of the release. First responders at the awareness level shall have sufficient training or have had sufficient experience to objectively demonstrate competency in the following areas:

(A) An understanding of what hazardous substances are, and the risks associated with them in an incident.

(B) An understanding the potential outcomes associated with an emergency created when hazardous substances are present.

(D) The ability to identify the hazardous substances, if possible.

(E) An understanding of the role of the first responder awareness individual in the employer's emergency response plan including site security and control and the U.S. Department of Transportation's Emergency Response Guidebook.

(F) The ability to realize the need for additional resources, and to make appropriate notifications to the communication center.

(ii) First responder operations level. First responders at the operations level are individuals who respond to releases or potential releases of hazardous substances as part of the initial response to the site for the purpose of protecting nearby persons, property, or the environment form the effects of the release. They are trained to respond in a defensive fashion without actually trying to stop the release. Their function is to contain the release from a safe distance, keep it form spreading, and prevent exposures. First responders at the operational level shall have received at least eight hours of training of have had sufficient experience to objectively demonstrate competency in the following areas in addition to those listed for the awareness level and the employer shall so certify:

(A) Knowledge of the basic hazard and risk assessment techniques.

(B) Know how to select and use proper personal protective equipment provided to the first responder operational level.

(D) Know how to perform basic control, containment and/or confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources and personal protective equipment available with their unit.

(E) Know how to implement basic decontamination procedures.

(F) An understanding of the relevant standard operating procedures and termination procedures.

(iii) Hazardous materials technician. Hazardous materials technicians are individuals who respond to releases or potential releases for the purpose of stopping the release. They assume a more aggressive role than a first responder at the operations level in that they will approach the point of release in order to plug, patch or otherwise stop the release of a hazardous substance. Hazardous materials technicians shall have received at least 24 hours of training equal to the first responder operations level and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall so certify:

(A) Know how to implement the employer's emergency response plan.

(B) Know the classification, identification and verification of known and unknown materials by using field survey instruments and equipment.

(D) Know how to select and use proper specialized chemical personal protective equipment provided to the hazardous materials technician.

(E) Understand hazard and risk assessment techniques.

(F) Be able to perform advance control, containment, and/or confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources and personal protective equipment available with the unit.

(G) Understand and implement decontamination procedures.

(H) Understand termination procedures.

(I) Understand basic chemical and toxicological terminology and behavior.

(iv) Hazardous materials specialist. Hazardous materials specialists are individuals who respond with and provide support to hazardous materials technicians. Their duties parallel those of the hazardous materials technician, however, those duties require a more directed or specific knowledge of the various substances they may be called upon to contain. The hazardous materials specialist would also act as the site liaison with Federal, state, local, and other government authorities in regards to site activities. Hazardous materials specialists shall have received at least 24 hours of training equal to the technician level and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall certify:

(A) Know how to implement the local emergency response plan.

(B) Understand classification, identification and verification of known and unknown materials by using advanced survey instruments and equipment.

(D) Be able to select and use proper specialized chemical personal protective equipment provided to the hazardous materials specialist.

(E) Understand in-depth hazard and risk techniques.

(F) Be able to perform specialized control, containment, and/or confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources and personal protective equipment available.

(G) Be able to determine and implement decontamination procedures.

(H) Have the ability to develop a site safety and control plan.

(I) Understand chemical, radiological and toxicological terminology and behavior.

(v) On scene incident commander. Incident commanders, who will assume control of the incident scene beyond the first responder awareness level, shall receive at least 24 hours of training equal to the first responder operations level and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall so certify:

(A) Know and be able to implement the employer's incident command system.

(B) Know how to implement the employer's emergency response plan.

(D) Know how to implement the local emergency response plan.

(E) Know of the state emergency response plan and of the Federal Regional Response Team.

(F) Know and understand the importance of decontamination procedures.

1910.120(q)(7)

(7) Trainers. Trainers who teach any of the above training subjects shall have satisfactorily completed a training course for teaching the subjects they are expected to teach, such as the courses offered by the U.S. National Fire Academy, or they shall have the training and/or academic credentials and instructional experience necessary to demonstrate competent instructional skills and a good command of the subject matter of the courses they are to teach.

1910.120(q)(8)(i) and (ii)

(i) Those employees who are trained in accordance with paragraph (q)(6) of this section shall receive annual refresher training of sufficient content and duration to maintain their competencies or shall demonstrate competency in those areas at least yearly.

(ii) A statement shall be made of the training or competency, and if a statement of competency is made, the employer shall keep a record of the methodology used to demonstrate competency.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Handling Hazardous Materials: HAZWOPER", and "Handling Hazardous Materials: RCRA"

Training Requirements Index

Subpart I: Personal Protective Equipment

Respiratory Protection 1910.134 (Updated April 1998)
(c)(1) Respiratory Protection Program

In any workplace where respirators are necessary to protect the health of the employee or whenever respirators are required by the employer, the employer shall establish and implement a written respiratory protection program with worksite-specific procedures. The program shall be updated as necessary to reflect those changes in workplace conditions that affect respirator use. The employer shall include in the program the following provisions of this section, as applicable:

Procedures for selecting respirators for use in the workplace;
Medical evaluations of employees required to use respirators;
Fit testing procedures for tight-fitting respirators;
Procedures for proper use of respirators in routine and reasonably foreseeable emergency situations;
Procedures and schedules for cleaning, disinfecting, storing, inspecting, repairing, discarding, and otherwise maintaining respirators;
Procedures to ensure adequate air quality, quantity, and flow of breathing air for atmosphere-supplying respirators;
Training of employees in the respiratory hazards to which they are potentially exposed during routine and emergency
Training of employees in the proper use of respirators, including putting on and removing them, any limitations on their use, and their maintenance; and
Procedures for regularly evaluating the effectiveness of the program.

(c)(4)

The employer shall provide respirators, training, and medical evaluations at no cost to the employee.

(g)(3)(iii)

Procedures for IDLH atmospheres. For all IDLH atmospheres, the employer shall ensure that the employee(s) located outside the IDLH atmosphere are trained and equipped to provide effective emergency rescue;

(k) Training and information

This paragraph requires the employer to provide effective training to employees who are required to use respirators. The training must be comprehensive, understandable, and recur annually, and more often if necessary. This paragraph also requires the employer to provide the basic information on respirators in Appendix D of this section to employees who wear respirators when not required by this section or by the employer to do so.

The employer shall ensure that each employee can demonstrate knowledge of at least the following:

Why the respirator is necessary and how improper fit, usage, or maintenance can compromise the protective effect of the respirator;
What the limitations and capabilities of the respirator are;
How to use the respirator effectively in emergency situations, including situations in which the respirator malfunctions;
How to inspect, put on and remove, use, and check the seals of the respirator;
What the procedures are for maintenance and storage of the respirator;
How to recognize medical signs and symptoms that may limit or prevent the effective use of respirators; and
The general requirements of this section.

The training shall be conducted in a manner that is understandable to the employee.

The employer shall provide the training prior to requiring the employee to use a respirator in the workplace.

An employer who is able to demonstrate that a new employee has received training within the last 12 months that addresses the elements specified in paragraph (k) is not required to repeat such training provided that, as required by paragraph (k), the employee can demonstrate knowledge of those element(s). Previous training not repeated initially by the employer must be provided no later than 12 months from the date of the previous training.

Retraining shall be administered annually, and when the following situations occur:

Changes in the workplace or the type of respirator render previous training obsolete;
Inadequacies in the employee's knowledge or use of the respirator indicate that the employee has not retained the requisite understanding or skill; or
Any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary to ensure safe respirator use.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Respiratory Protection", "Respiratory Protection: Air Purifying", and "Respiratory Protection: Air Supplying"

Training Requirements Index

Subpart J: General Environmental Provisions

Temporary Labor Camps 1910.142(k)(1) and (2)

(1) Adequate first-aid facilities approved by health authority shall be maintained and made available in every labor camp for the emergency treatment of injured persons.

(2) Such facilities shall be in charge of a person trained to administer first aid and shall be readily accessible for use at all times. Specifications for Accident Prevention Signs and Tags 1910.145(c)(1)(ii), (2)(ii) and (3)

(1)(ii) All employees shall be instructed that danger signs indicate immediate danger and that special precautions are necessary.

(2)(ii) All employees shall be instructed that caution signs indicate a possible hazard against which proper precautions should be taken.

(3) Safety instruction signs. Safety instruction signs indicate a possible hazard against which proper precautions should be taken.

Permit Required Confined Spaces 1910.146(g)(1) and (2)(i) through (iv)(3) and (4) and (k)(1)(i) through (iv)

(1) The employer shall provide training so that all employer whose work is regulated by this section acquire the understanding, knowledge, and skills necessary for the safe performance of the duties assigned under this section.

(2) Training shall be provided to each affected employee:

(i) Before the employee is first assigned duties under this section;

(ii) Before there is a change in assigned duties;

(iii) Whenever there is a change in permit space operations that presents a hazard about which an employee has not previously been trained;

(iv) Whenever the employer has reason to believe that there are deviations from the permit space entry procedures required by paragraph (d)(3) of this section or that there are inadequacies in the employees'' knowledge or use of these procedures.

(3) The training shall establish employee proficiency in the duties requires by this section and shall introduce new or revised procedures, as necessary, for compliance with this section.

(4) The employer shall certify that the training by paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(3) of this section has been accomplished. This certification shall contain each employee's name, the signatures or initials of the trainers, and the dates of training. The certification shall be available for inspection by employees and their authorized representatives.

(k) Rescue and Emergency Services. (1) The following requirements apply to employers who have employees enter permit required confined spaces to perform rescue services.

(i) The employer shall ensure that each member of the rescue service is provided with, and is trained to use properly, the personal protective equipment and rescue equipment necessary for making rescues form permit required confined spaces.

(ii) Each member of the rescue service shall be trained to perform the assigned rescue duties. Each member of the rescue service shall also receive the training required of authorized entrants under paragraph (g) of this section.

(iii) Each member of the rescue service shall practice making permit space rescues at least once every 12 months, by means of simulated rescue operations in which they remove dummies, manikins, or actual persons form the actual permit spaces or from representative permit spaces. Representative permit spaces shall, with respect to opening size, configuration, and accessibility, simulate the types of permit spaces form which rescue is to be performed.

(iv) Each member of the rescue service shall be trained in basic first-aid and in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). At least one member of the rescue service holding current certification in first-aid and in CPR shall be available.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Confined Space Entry: Out In The Open", "Confined Space Awareness" "Confined Space Hazards" and "Confined Space Entry"

Medical Services and First Aid 1910.151(a) and (b)

(a) The employer shall ensure the ready availability of medical personnel for advice and consultation on matters of plant health.

(b) In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, or hospital in near proximity to the workplace which is used for the treatment of all injured employees, a person or persons shall be adequately trained to render first aid. First-aid supplies approved by the consulting physician shall be readily available.

The Control of Hazardous Energy (lockout/tagout) 1910.147(a)(3)(ii); (4)(i) (D); (7)(i)(A) through (C); (ii)(A) through (F); (iii) (A) through (C)(iv); and (8) (ii)

When other standards in this part require the use of lockout or tagout, they shall be used and supplemented by the procedural and training requirements of this section.

(4) Energy control procedure. (i) Procedures shall be developed, documented and utilized for the control of potentially hazardous energy when employees are engaged in the activities covered by this section.

(D) Where tagout is used for energy control, the periodic inspection shall include a review, between the inspector and each authorized and affected employee, of that employee's responsibilities under the energy control procedure being inspected, and the elements set forth in paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of this section.

(7) Training and communication. (i) The employer shall provide training to ensure that the purpose and function of the energy control program are understood by employees and that the knowledge and skills required for the safe application, usage, and removal of energy controls are required by employees. The training shall include the following:

(A) Each authorized employee shall receive training in the recognition of applicable hazardous energy sources, the type and magnitude of the energy available in the workplace, and the methods and means necessary for energy isolation and control.

(B) Each affected employee shall be instructed in the purpose and use of the energy control procedure.

(C) All other employees whose work operations are or may be in an area where energy control procedures may be utilized, shall be instructed about the procedure, and about the prohibition relating to attempts to restart or reenergize machines or equipment which are locked out or tagged out.

(ii) When tagout systems are used, employees shall also be trained in the following limitations of tags:

(A) Tags are essentially warning devices affixed to energy isolating devices, and do not provide the physical restraint on those devices that is provided by a lock.

(B) When a tag is attached to an energy isolating means, it is not to be removed without authorization of the authorized person for it, and it is never to be bypassed, ignored, or otherwise defeated.

(C) Tags must be legible and understandable by all authorized employees, affected employees, and all other employees whose work operations are in the area, in order to be effective. (D) Tags and their means of attachment must be made of materials which will withstand the environmental conditions encountered in the workplace.

(E) Tags may evoke a false sense of security, and their meaning needs to be understood as part of the overall energy control program.

(F) Tags must be securely attached to energy isolating devices so that they cannot be inadvertently or accidently detached during use.

(iii) Employee retraining. (A) Retraining shall be provided for all authorized and affected employees whenever there is a change in their job assignments, a change in machines, equipment or processes that present a new hazard, or when there is a change in the energy control procedures.

(B) Additional retraining shall also be conducted whenever a periodic inspection under paragraph (c)(6) of this section reveals, or whenever the employer has reason to believe, that there are deviations from or inadequacies in the employee's knowledge or use of the energy control procedures.

(C) The retraining shall reestablish employee proficiency and introduce new or revised control methods and procedures, as necessary.

(iv) The employer shall certify that employee training has been accomplished and is being kept up to date. The certification shall contain each employee's name and dates of training.

(8) Energy isolation. Implementation of lockout of the tagout systems shall be performed only by authorized employees.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Lockout/Tagout: Take Control", "Lockout/Tagout Procedures", "Lockout/Tagout", "Machine Safeguarding", and "Machine and Equipment Safety"

Lockout or Tagout Devices Removed 1910.147(e)(3)

(3) Lockout or tagout devices removal. Each lockout or tagout device shall be removed from each energy isolating device by the employee who applied the device. Exception to paragraph (e)(3): When the authorized employee who applied the lockout or tagout devices is not available to remove it, that device may be removed under the direction of the employer, provided that specific procedures and training for such removal have been developed, documented and incorporated into the employer's energy control program. The employer shall demonstrate that the specific procedure provides equivalent safety to the removal of the device by the authorized employee who applied it.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Lockout/Tagout: Take Control", "Lockout/Tagout Procedures", "Lockout/Tagout", "Machine Safeguarding", and "Machine and Equipment Safety"

Outside Personnel 1910.147(f)(2)(i)

(i) The on-site employer shall ensure that his/her personnel understand and comply with restrictions and prohibitions of the outside employer's energy control procedures.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Lockout/Tagout: Take Control", "Lockout/Tagout Procedures", "Lockout/Tagout", "Machine Safeguarding", and "Machine and Equipment Safety"

Training Requirements Index

Subpart K: Medical and First Aid

Medical Services and First Aid 1910.151(b)

Training Requirements Index

Subpart L: Fire Protection

Fire Protection 1910.155(c)(iv)(41)

(41) "Training" means the process of making proficient through instruction and hands-on practice in the operation of equipment, including respiratory protection equipment, that is expected to be used and in the performance of assigned duties.

Related Mastery Advantage^TM Courses: "Fire Prevention Safety"

Fire Brigades 1910.156(b)(1)

(1) Organizational statement. The employer shall prepare and maintain a statement or written policy which establishes the existence of a fire brigade; the basic organizational structure; the type, amount, and frequency of training to be provided to fire brigade members; the expected number of members in the fire brigade; and the functions that the fire brigade is to perform at the workplace. The organizational statement shall be available for inspection by the Assistant Secretary and by employees or their designated representatives.

Training and Education 1910.156(c)(1) through (4)

(1) The employer shall provide training and education for all fire brigade members commensurate with those duties and functions that fire brigade members are expected to perform. Such training and education shall be provided to fire brigade members before they perform fire brigade emergency activities. Fire brigade leaders and training instructors shall be provided with training and education which is more comprehensive than that provided to the general membership of the fire brigade.

(2) The employer shall assure that training and education is conducted frequently enough to assure that each member of the fire brigade is able to perform the member's assigned duties and functions satisfactorily and in a safe manner so as not to endanger fire brigade members or others employees. All fire brigade members shall be provided with training at least annually. In addition, fire brigade members who are expected to perform interior structural fire fighting shall be provided with an education session or training at least quarterly.

(3) The quality of training and education program for fire brigade members shall be similar to those conducted by such fire training schools as the Maryland Fire and Rescue Institute; Iowa Fire Service Extension; West Virginia Fire Services Extension; Georgia Fire Academy; New York State Department, Fire Prevention and Control; Louisiana State University Fireman Training Program; or Washington State's Fire Service Training Commission for Vocational Education. (For example, for the oil refinery industry, with its unique hazards, the training and education program for those fire brigade members shall be similar to those conducted by Texas A & M University, Lamar University, Reno Fire School, or the Delaware State Fire School.)

(4) The employer shall inform fire brigade members about special hazards such as storage and use of flammable liquids and gases, toxic chemicals, radioactive sources, and water reactive substances, to which they may be exposed during fire and other emergencies. The fire brigade members shall also be advised of any changes that occur in relation to the special hazards. The employer shall develop and make available for inspection by fire brigade members, written procedures that describe the actions to be taken in situations involving the special hazards and shall include these in the training and education program.

Portable Fire Extinguishers 1910.157(g)(1) through (4)

(1) Where the employer has provided portable fire extinguishers for employee use in the workplace, the employer shall also provide an educational program to familiarize employers with general principles of fire extinguisher use and the hazards involved with incipient stage fire fighting.

(2) The employer shall provide the education required in paragraph (g)(1) of this section upon initial employment and at least annually thereafter.

(3) The employer shall provide employees who have been designated to use fire fighting equipment as part of an emergency action plan with training in the use of the appropriate equipment.

(4) The employer shall provide the training required in paragraph (g)(3) of this section upon initial assignment to the designated group of employees and at least annually thereafter.

1910.158(e)(vi)

(vi) The employer shall designate trained persons to conduct all inspections required under this section.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: , "Fire Extinguishers"

Fixed Extinguishing Systems 1910.160(b)(10)

(10) The employer shall train employees designated to inspect, maintain, operate, or repair fixed extinguishing systems and annually review their training to keep them up- to-date in the functions they are to perform.

Fire Detection Systems 1910.164(c)(4)

(4) The employer shall assure that the servicing, maintenance and testing of fire detection systems, including cleaning and necessary sensitivity adjustments, are performed by a trained person knowledgeable in the operations and functions of the system.

Training Requirements Index

Subpart L: Fire Protection

Fire Protection 1910.155(c)(iv)(41)

Related Mastery Advantage^TM Courses: "Fire Prevention Safety"

Fire Brigades 1910.156(b)(1)

Training and Education 1910.156(c)(1) through (4)

Portable Fire Extinguishers 1910.157(g)(1) through (4)

(2) The employer shall provide the education required in paragraph (g)(1) of this section upon initial employment and at least annually thereafter.

(3) The employer shall provide employees who have been designated to use fire fighting equipment as part of an emergency action plan with training in the use of the appropriate equipment.

(4) The employer shall provide the training required in paragraph (g)(3) of this section upon initial assignment to the designated group of employees and at least annually thereafter.

1910.158(e)(vi)

(vi) The employer shall designate trained persons to conduct all inspections required under this section.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: , "Fire Extinguishers"

Fixed Extinguishing Systems 1910.160(b)(10)

Fire Detection Systems 1910.164(c)(4)

Training Requirements Index

Subpart N: Materials Handling and Storage

Employee Alarm Systems 1910.165(d)(5)

(5) The employer shall assure that the servicing, maintenance, and testing of employee alarms are done by persons trained in the designed operation and functions necessary for reliable and safe operation of the system.

Servicing of Multi-Piece and Single-Piece Rim Wheels 1910.177(c)(1) through (iii); (2)(i) through (viii) and (3)

Includes single piece wheels per Federal Register of February 3, 1984, (pp4338- 4352) but not automobile or truck tires marked "LT."

(c) Employee training. (1) The employer shall provide a training program to train all employees who service rim wheels in the hazards involved in servicing those rim wheels and the safety procedures to be followed.

(i) The employer shall assume that no employee services any rim wheel unless the employee has been trained and instructed in correct procedures of servicing the rim type being serviced, and in the safe operating procedures described in paragraphs (f) and (g) of this section.

(ii) Information to be used in the training program shall include at a minimum, the applicable data contained in the charts, rim manuals, and the contents of this standard.

(iii) Where an employer knows or has reason to believe that any of his employees is unable to read and understand the charts or rim manual, the employer shall assure that the employee is instructed concerning the contents of the charts and rim manual in a manner which the employee is able to understand.

(2) The employer shall assure that each employee demonstrates and maintains the ability to service multi-piece rim wheels safely, including performance of the following tasks:

(i) Demounting of tires (including deflation);

(ii) Inspection and identification of rim wheel components;

(iii) Mounting of tires (including inflation within a restraining device or other safeguard required by this section);

(iv) Use of the restraining device or barrier, and other equipment required by this section;

(v) Handling of rim wheels;

(vi) Inflation of tire when a single piece trim wheel is mounted on vehicle; and

(vii) An understanding of the necessity of standing outside the trajectory both during the inflation if the tire and during inspection of the rim wheel inflation; and

(viii) Installation and removal of rim wheels.

(3) The employer shall evaluate each employee's ability to perform these tasks and to service rim wheels safely and shall provide additional training as necessary to assure that each employee maintains his or her proficiency.

1910.177(f)(1);(2)(i) and (ii) and (3) through (11)

(f) Safe operating procedure-multi-piece-rim wheels. The employer shall establish a safe operating procedure for servicing multi-piece rim wheels and shall assure that employees are instructed in and follow that procedure. The procedure shall include at least the following elements:

(1) Tires shall be completely deflated before demounting by removal of the valve core.

(2) Tires shall be completely deflated by removing the valve care before a rim wheel is removed from the axle in either of the following situations:

(i) When the tire has been driven underinflated at 80% or less of its recommended pressure, or

(ii) When there is obvious or suspected damage to the tire or wheel components,

(3) Rubber lubricant shall be applied to bead and rim mating surfaces during assembly of the wheel and inflation of the tire, unless the tire or wheel manufacturer recommends against it.

(4) If a tire on a vehicle is underinflated but has more than 80% of the recommended pressure, the tire may be inflated while the rim wheel is on the vehicle provided remote control inflation equipment is used, and no employees remain in the trajectory during inflation.

(5) Tires shall be inflated outside a restraining device only to a pressure sufficient to force the tire bead onto the rim ledge and create an airtight seal with the tire and bead.

(6) Whenever a rim wheel is in a restraining device the employee shall not rest of lean any part of his body or equipment on or against the restraining device.

(7) After tire inflation, the tire and wheel components shall be inspected while still within the restraining device to make sure that they are properly seated and locked. If further adjustment to the tire or wheel components is necessary, the tire shall be deflated by removal of the valve core before the adjustment is made.

(8) No attempt shall be made to correct the seating of side and lock rings by hammering, striking or forcing the components while the tire is pressurized.

(9) Cracked, broken, bent or otherwise damaged rim components shall not be re-worked, welded, brazed, or otherwise heated. Whenever multi-piece rim wheels are being handled, employees shall stay out of the trajectory unless the employer can demonstrate that performance of the servicing makes the employee's presence in the trajectory necessary.

(11) No heat shall be applied to a multi-piece wheel or wheel component.

1910.177(g)(1) through (12)

(g) Safe operating procedure-single piece rim wheels. The employer shall establish a safe operating procedure for servicing single piece rim wheels and shall assure that employees are instructed in and follow that procedure. The procedure shall include at least the following elements:

(1) Tires shall be completely deflated by removal of the valve core before demounting.

(2) Mounting and demounting of the tire shall be done only from the narrow ledge side of the wheel. Care shall be taken to avoid damaging the tire beads while mounting tires on wheels. Tires shall be mounted only on compatible wheels of matching bead diameter and width.

(3) Nonflammable rubber lubricant shall be applied to bead and wheel mating surfaces before assembly of the rim wheel, unless the tire or wheel manufacturer recommends against the use of any rubber lubricant.

(4) If a tire changing machine is used, the tire shall be inflated only to the minimum pressure necessary to force the tire bead onto the rim ledge while on the tire changing machine.

(5) If a bead expander is used, it shall be removed before the valve core is installed and as soon as the rim wheel becomes airtight (the tire bead slips onto the bead seat).

(6) Tires may be inflated only when contained within a restraining device, positioned behind a barrier or bolted on the vehicle with the lug nuts fully tightened.

(7) Tires shall not be inflated when any flat, solid surface is in the trajectory and within one foot of the sidewall.

(8) Employees shall stay out of the trajectory when inflating a tire.

(9) Tires shall not be inflated to more than the inflation pressure stamped in the sidewall unless a higher pressure is recommended by the manufacturer.

(10) Tires shall not be inflated above the maximum pressure recommended by the manufacturer to seat the tire bead firmly against the rim flange.

(11) No heat shall be applied to a single piece wheel.

(12) Cracked, broken, bent, or otherwise damaged wheels shall not be reworked, welded, brazed, or otherwise heated.

Powered Industrial Trucks 1910.178(I)(1) through (8) (Updated December 1998)

(l) Safe Operation

The employer shall ensure that each powered industrial truck operator is competent to operate a powered industrial truck safely, as demonstrated by the successful completion of the training and evaluation specified in this paragraph (l).

Prior to permitting an employee to operate a powered industrial truck (except for training purposes), the employer shall ensure that each operator has successfully completed the training required by this paragraph (l), except as permitted by paragraph (l)(5).

(2) Training program implementation

Trainees may operate a powered industrial truck only:

Under the direct supervision of persons who have the knowledge, training, and experience to train operators and evaluate their competence; and
Where such operation does not endanger the trainee or other employees.

Training shall consist of a combination of formal instruction (e.g., lecture, discussion, interactive computer learning, video tape, written material), practical training (demonstrations performed by the trainer and practical exercises performed by the trainee), and evaluation of the operator's performance in the workplace.

All operator training and evaluation shall be conducted by persons who have the knowledge, training, and experience to train powered industrial truck operators and evaluate their competence.

(3) Training program content

Powered industrial truck operators shall receive initial training in the following topics, except in topics which the employer can demonstrate are not applicable to safe operation of the truck in the employer's workplace.

Truck-related topics

Operating instructions, warnings, and precautions for the types of truck the operator will be authorized to operate;
Differences between the truck and the automobile;
Truck controls and instrumentation: where they are located, what they do, and how they work;
Engine or motor operation;
Steering and maneuvering;
Visibility (including restrictions due to loading);
Fork and attachment adaptation, operation, and use limitations;
Vehicle capacity;
Vehicle stability;
Any vehicle inspection and maintenance that the operator will be required to perform;
Refueling and/or charging and recharging of batteries;

Operating limitations

Any other operating instructions, warnings, or precautions listed in the operator's manual for the types of vehicle that the employee is being trained to operate.

Workplace-related topics

Surface conditions where the vehicle will be operated;
Composition of loads to be carried and load stability;
Load manipulation, stacking, and unstacking;
Pedestrian traffic in areas where the vehicle will be operated;
Narrow aisles and other restricted places where the vehicle will be operated;
Hazardous (classified) locations where the vehicle will be operated;
Ramps and other sloped surfaces that could affect the vehicle's stability;
Closed environments and other areas where insufficient ventilation or poor vehicle maintenance could cause a buildup of carbon monoxide or diesel exhaust;
Other unique or potentially hazardous environmental conditions in the workplace that could affect safe operation.

The requirements of this section.

(4) Refresher training and evaluation.

Refresher training, including an evaluation of the effectiveness of that training, shall be conducted as required by paragraph (l)(4)(ii) to ensure that the operator has the knowledge and skills needed to operate the powered industrial truck safely.

Refresher training in relevant topics shall be provided to the operator when

The operator has been observed to operate the vehicle in an unsafe manner;
The operator has been involved in an accident or near-miss incident;
The operator has received an evaluation that reveals that the operator is not operating the truck safely;
The operator is assigned to drive a different type of truck; or
A condition in the workplace changes in a manner that could affect safe operation of the truck.

An evaluation of each powered industrial truck operator's performance shall be conducted at least once every three years.

(5) Avoidance of duplicative training.

If an operator has previously received training in a topic specified in paragraph (l)(3) of this section, and such training is appropriate to the truck and working conditions encountered, additional training in that topic is not required if the operator has been evaluated and found competent to operate the truck safely.

(6) Certification.

The employer shall certify that each operator has been trained and evaluated as required by this paragraph (l). The certification shall include the name of the operator, the date of the training, the date of the evaluation, and the identity of the person(s) performing the training or evaluation.

(7) Dates.

The employer shall ensure that operators of powered industrial trucks are trained, as appropriate, by the dates shown in the following table.

If the employee was hired	The intial training and evaluation of that must be completed
Before December 1, 1999	By December 1, 1999
After December 1, 1999	Before the employee is assigned to operate a powered industrial truck

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Forklift Safety", and "Forklift Safety: Annual Refresher"

Overhead and Gantry Cranes Moving the Load 1910.179(n)(3)(ix)

(ix) When two or more cranes are used to lift a load one qualified responsible person shall be in charge of the operation. He shall analyze the operation and instruct all personnel involved in the proper positioning, rigging of the load, and the movements to be made.

1910.179(o)(3)

(3) Fire extinguishers. The employer shall insure that operators are familiar with the operation and care of fire extinguishers provided.

Crawler Locomotive and Truck Cranes 1910.180(i)(5)(ii)

(ii) Operating and maintenance personnel shall be made familiar with the use and care of the fire extinguishers provided.

Training Requirements Index

Subpart O: Machinery and Machine Guarding

Mechanical Power Presses 1910.217(e)(3)

(3) Training of maintenance personnel. It shall be the responsibility of the employer to insure the original and continuing competence of personnel caring for, inspecting, and maintaining power presses.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Lockout/Tagout: Take Control", "Machine Safeguarding", "Lockout/Tagout Procedures", "Lockout/Tagout", and "Machine and Equipment Safety"

1910.217(f)(2)

(2) Instruction to operators. The employer shall train and instruct the operator in the safe method of work before starting work on any operation covered by this section. The employer shall insure by adequate supervision that correct operating procedures are being followed.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Lockout/Tagout: Take Control", "Lockout/Tagout Procedures", "Lockout/Tagout", "Machine Safeguarding", and "Machine and Equipment Safety"

Mechanical Power Presses Instruction to Operators 1910.217(9)(e)(3)

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Lockout/Tagout: Take Control", "Lockout/Tagout Procedures", "Lockout/Tagout", "Machine Safeguarding", and "Machine and Equipment Safety"

Training of Maintenance Personnel 1910.217(9)(e)(3)

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Lockout/Tagout: Take Control", "Lockout/Tagout Procedures", "Lockout/Tagout", "Machine Safeguarding", and "Machine and Equipment Safety"

Operator Training 1910.217(H)(13)(i)(A) through (E) and (ii)

(i) The operator training required by paragraph (f)(2) of this section shall be provided to the employee before the employee initially operates the press and as needed to maintain competence, but not less than annually thereafter. It shall include instruction relative to the following items for presses used in the PSDI mode.

(A) The manufacturer's recommended test procedures for checking operation of the presence sensing device. This shall include the use of the test rod required by paragraph (b)(10)(i) of this section.

(B) The safety distance required.

(D) The requirements for hand tools that may be used in the PSDI mode.

(E) The severe consequences that can result if he or she attempts to circumvent or by-pass any of the safeguard or operating functions of the PSDI system.

(ii) The employer shall certify that employees have been trained by preparing a certification record which includes the identity of the person trained, the signature of the employer or the person who conducted the training, and the date the training was completed. The certification record shall be prepared at the completion of the training and shall be maintained on file for the duration of the employee's employment. The certification record shall be made available to the Assistant Secretary for Occupational Safety and Health.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Lockout/Tagout: Take Control", "Lockout/Tagout Procedures", "Lockout/Tagout", "Machine Safeguarding", and "Machine and Equipment Safety"

Forging Machines 1910.218(a)(2)(iii)

(2) Inspection and maintenance. It shall be the responsibility of the employer to maintain all forge shop equipment in a condition which will ensure continued safe operation. This responsibility includes:

(iii) Training personnel for the proper inspection and maintenance of forging machinery and equipment.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Lockout/Tagout: Take Control", "Lockout/Tagout Procedures", "Lockout/Tagout", "Machine Safeguarding", and "Machine and Equipment Safety"

Training Requirements Index

Subpart Q: Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

Welding, Cutting, and Brazing General Requirements 1910.252(a)(2)(xiii)(c)

(xiii) Management. Management shall recognize its responsibility for the safe usage of cutting and welding equipment on its property and:

(c) Insist that cutters or welders and their supervisors are suitably trained in the safe operation of their equipment and the safe use of the process.

Oxygen-Fuel Gas Welding and Cutting 1910.253(a)(4)

(4) Personnel. Workmen in charge of the oxygen or fuel-gas supply equipment, including generators, and oxygen or fuel- gas distribution piping systems shall be instructed by their employers for his important work before being left in charge. Rules and instructions covering the operation and maintenance of oxygen or fuel-gas supply equipment including generators, and oxygen or fuel-gas distribution piping systems shall be readily available.

Arc Welding and Cutting 1910.254(a)(3)

(3) Instruction. Workmen designated to operate arc welding equipment shall have been properly instructed and qualified to operate such equipment as specified in paragraph (d) of this section.

Resistance Welding 1910.255 (a)(3)

(3) Personnel. Workmen designated to operate resistance welding equipment shall have been properly instructed and judged competent to operate such equipment.

Training Requirements Index

Subpart R: Special Industries

Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills 1910.261(h)(3)(ii)

(ii) Gas masks capable of absorbing chlorine shall be supplied, conveniently placed, and regularly inspected, and workers who may be exposed to chlorine gas shall be instructed in their use.

Related Mastery Advantage^TM Courses: "Respiratory Protection", "Respiratory Protection: Air Purifying", and "Respiratory Protection: Air Supplying"

Laundry Machinery and Operating Rules 1910.264(d)(1)(v)

(v) Instruction of employees. Employees shall be properly instructed as to the hazards of their work and be instructed in safe practices, by bulletins, printed rules, and verbal instructions.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Lockout/Tagout: Take Control", "Lockout/Tagout Procedures", "Lockout/Tagout", "Machine Safeguarding", and "Machine and Equipment Safety"

Sawmills 1910.265(c)(30)(x)

(x) Lift trucks. Lift trucks shall be designed, constructed, maintained, and operated in accordance with the requirements of 1910.178.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Forklift Safety", "Forklift Safety: Annual Refresher", "Forklift Safety: Operations", and "Forklift Safety: Driving Skills"

Pulpwood Logging 1910.266(c)(5)(i) through (xi)

(i) Chain saw operators shall be instructed to inspect the saws daily to assure that all handles and guards are in place and tight, that all controls function properly, and that the muffler is operative.

(ii) Chain saw operators shall be instructed to follow manufacturer's instructions as to operation and adjustment.

(iii) Chain saw operators shall be instructed to fuel the saw only in safe areas and not under conditions conducive to fire such as near men smoking, hot engine, etc.

(iv) Chain saw operators shall be instructed to hold the saw with both hands during operations.

(v) Chain saw operators shall be instructed to start the saw at least 10 feet away from fueling area.

(vi) Chain saw operators shall be instructed to start the saw only on the ground or when otherwise firmly supported.

(vii) Chain saw operators shall be instructed to be certain of footing and to clear away brush which might interfere before starting to cut.

(viii) Chain saw operators shall be instructed not to use engine fuel for starting fires or as a cleaning solvent.

(ix) Chain saw operators shall be instructed to shut off the saw when carrying it for a distance greater than from tree to tree or in hazardous conditions such as slippery surfaces or heavy underbrush. The saw shall be at idle speed when carried short distances.

(x) Chain saw operators shall be instructed to carry the saw in a manner to prevent contact with the chain and muffler.

(xi) Chain saw operators shall be instructed not to use the saw to cut directly overhead or at a distance that would require the operator to relinquish a safe grip on the saw.

1910.266(c)(6) (i) through (xxi)

(i) Equipment operators shall be instructed as to the manufacturers recommendations for equipment operation, maintenance, safe practices, and site operating procedures.

(ii) Equipment shall be kept free of flammable material.

(iii) Equipment shall be kept free of any material which night contribute to slipping and falling.

(iv) Engine of equipment shall be shut down during fueling, servicing, and repairs except where operation is required for adjustment.

(v) Equipment shall be inspected for evidence of failure or incipient failure.

(vi) The equipment operator shall be instructed to walk completely around machine and assure that no obstacles or personnel are in the area before startup.

(vii) The equipment operator shall be instructed to start and operate equipment only from the operator's station or from safe area recommended by the manufacturer.

(viii) Seat belt shall be provided on mobile equipment.

(ix) The equipment operator shall be instructed to check controls for proper function and response before starting working cycle.

(x) The equipment operator shall be instructed to ground or secure all movable elements when not in use.

(xi) The equipment operator shall be advised of the load capacity and operating speed of the equipment.

(xii) The equipment operator shall be advised of the stability limitations of the equipment.

(xiii) The equipment operator shall be instructed to maintain adequate distance from other equipment and personnel.

(xiv) Where signalmen are used, the equipment operator shall be instructed to operate the equipment only on signal designated signalman and only when signal is distinct and clearly understood.

(xv) The equipment operator shall be instructed not to operate movable elements (boom, grapple, load, etc.) close to or over personnel.

(xvi) The equipment operator shall be instructed to signal his intention before operation when personnel are in or near the working area.

(xvii) The equipment operator shall be instructed to dismount and stand clear for all loading and unloading of his mobile vehicle by other mobile equipment. The dismounted operator shall be visible to loader operator.

(xviii) The equipment operator shall be instructed to operate equipment in a manner that will not place undue shock loads on wire rope.

(xix) The equipment operator shall be instructed not to permit riders or observers on the machine unless approved seating and protection is provided.

(xx) The equipment operator shall be instructed to shut down the engine when the equipment is stopped, apply brake locks and ground moving elements before he dismounts.

(xxi) The equipment operator shall be instructed, when any equipment is transported from one job to another, to transport it on a vehicle of sufficient rated capacity and the equipment shall be properly secured during transit.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Wheel Loader: Safe Operations"

1910.266(c)(7)

(7) Explosives. Only trained and experienced personnel shall handle or use explosives. Usage shall comply with the requirements of 1910.109.

1910.266(e)(2)(i) and (ii)

(i) The feller shall be instructed to plan retreat path and clear path as necessary before cut is started.

(ii) The feller shall be instructed to appraise situation for dead limbs, the lean of tree to be cut, wind conditions, location of trees and other hazards, and exercise proper precautions before cut is started.

Logging 1910.266(i)(1) and (2)(i) through (iv); (3)(i) through (vi); (4) and (5)(i) through (iv); (6) and (7)(i) through (iii); (8) and (9)

(i) Training. (1) The employer shall provide training for each employee, including supervisors, at no cost to the employee.

(2) Frequency. Training shall be provided as follows:

(i) As soon as possible but no later than the effective date of this section for initial training for each current and new employee;

(ii) Prior to initial assignment for each new employee; (iii) Whenever the employee is assigned new work tasks, tools, equipment, machines, or vehicles; and,

(iv) Whenever an employee demonstrates unsafe job performance.

(3) Content. At a minimum, training shall consist of the following elements:

(i) Safe performance of assigned work tasks;

(ii) Safe use, operation, and maintenance of tools, machines, and vehicles the employees uses or operates, including emphasis on understanding and following the manufacturer's instructions, warnings, and precautions;

(iii) Recognition of safety and health hazards associated with the employee's specific work tasks, including the use of measures and work practices to prevent or control those hazards;

(iv) Recognition, prevention, and control of other safety and health hazards in the logging industry;

(v) Procedures, practices, and requirements of the employer's work site; and

(vi) The requirements of this standard.

(4) Training of an employee due to unsafe job performance, or assignment of new work tasks, tools, equipment, machines, or vehicles may be limited to those elements in paragraph (i)(3) of this section which are relevant to the circumstances giving rise to the need for training.

(5) Portability of training. (1) Each current employee who has received training in the particular elements specified in paragraph (1)(3) of this section shall not be required to be retrained in those elements.

(ii) Each new employee who has received training in the particular elements specified in paragraph (i)(3) of this section shall not be required to be retrained in those elements prior to initial assignment.

(iii) The employer shall train each current and new employee in those elements for which the employee has not received training.

(iv) The employer is responsible for ensuring that each current and new employee can properly and safely perform the work tasks and operate the tools, equipment, machines, and vehicles used in their job.

(6) Each new employee and each employee who is required to be trained as specified in paragraph (i)(2) of this section, shall work under the close supervision of a designated person until the employee demonstrates to the employer the ability to safely perform the new duties independently.

(7) First-aid training. (i) The employer shall assure that each employee, including supervisors, receives or has received first-aid and CPR training meeting at least the requirements specified in Appendix B of this standard.

(ii) The employer shall assure that each employee receives first-aid training at least every three years and receives CPR training at least annually.

(iii) The employer shall assure that each employee's first- aid and CPR training and/or certificate of training remain current.

(8) All training shall be conducted by a designated person.

(9) The employer shall assure that all training required by this section is presented in a manner that the employee is able to understand. The employer shall assure that all training materials used are appropriate in content and vocabulary to the educational level, literacy, and language skill of the employees being trained.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Wheel Loader: Safe Operations"

Telecommunications 1910.268(b)(2)(i)

(i) Employers assigned to work with storage batteries shall be instructed in emergency procedures such as dealing with accidental acid spills.

Related Mastery Advantage™ Courses: "Handling Hazardous Materials: HAZWOPER", and "Handling Hazardous Materials: RCRA"

1910.268(c)(1) through (3)

(c) Training. Employers shall provide training in the various precautions and safe practices described in this section and shall insure that employees do not engage in the activities to which this section applies until such employees have received proper training in the various precautions and safe practices required by this section. However, where the employer can demonstrate that an employee is already trained in the precautions and safe practices required by this section prio

Safety Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines: General Industry

INDEX OF TRAINING REQUIREMENTS: GENERAL INDUSTRY 29 CFR Part 1910

GENERAL INDUSTRY 29 CFR Part 1910

Respiratory Protection 1910.134 (Updated April 1998) (c)(1) Respiratory Protection Program

Overhead and Gantry Cranes Moving the Load 1910.179(n)(3)(ix)

Oxygen-Fuel Gas Welding and Cutting 1910.253(a)(4)

GENERAL INDUSTRY
29 CFR Part 1910

Respiratory Protection 1910.134 (Updated April 1998)
(c)(1) Respiratory Protection Program